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Line 1: |
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− | [[file:K&P_ADE_Mixer-P1899-720px.jpg]] | + | [[File:RF-Amp_Front.png]] |
| | | |
− | == Kits and Parts Mixers - Features in Common == | + | == RF Amplifier Features == |
| | | |
− | * Available as [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Diode Ring Mixer] or [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php ADE-1 || ADE-6 Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer] kits from [https://kitsandparts.com/ Kits and Parts] | + | * From [https://zl2ctm.blogspot.com/2020/11/go-qrp-portable-ssb-rig.html Charlie Morris' (ZL2CTM) Go QRP Portable SSB Rig] |
− | * LO, IF, RF Ports are all 50Ω | + | ** Solid State Design for the Radio Amateur? |
− | * +7dBm Local Oscillator injection level | + | * +22 dB gain |
− | ** As measured into 50Ω load
| + | * Input connectors: SMA or BNC |
− | *** Mixers are not linear and loads should not be measured at the mixer
| + | * 49x49mm card |
− | * ~5dB RF > IF conversion loss in HF region | + | * 4x 4-40 mounting holes |
− | * IF Port | |
− | ** Full Diplexer at the IF Port
| |
− | ** Low Pass Filter can be populated if used as Product Detector / Balanced Modulator
| |
− | * Board has pads (1206 SMT or 1/8W resistor pads) for optional Attenuators on RF & LO Ports
| |
− | * 3 pin, 0.1" pads at board edges allow SMA edge connectors to be used | |
− | * Mounting holes in all 4 corners | |
| | | |
− | == Kits and Parts ADE-1 Mixer == | + | == RF Amplifier Design == |
| | | |
− | * [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts Mixer]
| + | === Schematic === |
− | * Mini-Circuits ADE-1+ Double Balanced Diode Mixer with built in 50Ω transformers
| |
− | ** [https://www.minicircuits.com/pdfs/ADE-1+.pdf ADE-1+ Datasheet]
| |
− | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first if using [[NanoVNA]] and/or [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** Only 1 cap adjust
| |
− | ** Inductors can also be spread/compressed if needed
| |
− | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts
| |
− | ** Bare board - $5
| |
− | ** Kit - $14
| |
− | *** Good deal since the [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Mini-Circuits/ADE-1%2b?qs=xZ%2FP%252Ba9zWqZNkkNe3uAsRQ%3D%3D mixer itself is $6]
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.SCH.png]] | + | [[file:RF_Amp_Schematic-4.PNG]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.PCB.png]]
| + | === DC Operating Point === |
| | | |
− | === ADE-1 Schematic === | + | * Ice = 10 mA |
| + | * Ve = 0.1 * Vcc = 1.2V |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_Schematic.PNG]]
| + | === Input/Output Transformer === |
| | | |
− | === Performance === | + | ==== FT37-43 Toroid ==== |
| | | |
− | [[file:Chart_dBm-to-Volts.PNG]] | + | * [http://toroids.info/FT37-43.php FT37-43] |
| + | * Wideband Transformers 5 - 400 MHz |
| + | * Power Transformers 0.5 - 30 MHz |
| + | * 10 turns = 35uH |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_Performance.PNG]] | + | [[file:FT37-43_10_Turns.PNG]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_ElectricalSpecs.PNG]]
| + | ==== Tracks ==== |
| | | |
− | === Port VWSR ===
| + | [[file:RF-Amp-tracks.PNG]] |
| | | |
− | * Measured VSWR of 2.23 at 9 MHz with NanoVNA matches spec nicely
| + | ==== Input Transformer ==== |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_LO_VSWR.PNG]]
| + | ** Input Transformer (T1 on Charlie's - T2 on this board) |
| + | *** 50:75.8 Ohms = 1 : 1.23 turns ratio |
| + | **** 9 turns primary, 11 turns on secondary |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_IF_VSWR.PNG]] | + | [[file:RF-Amp-T2.PNG]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_RF_VSWR.PNG]]
| + | ==== Output Transformer ==== |
| | | |
− | === ADE-1 Measurements === | + | ** Output transformer (T2 on Charlie's - T1 on this board) |
| + | *** 200:50 Ohms = 2:1 turns ratio |
| + | *** 10 turns primary (on transistor collector), 5 turns secondary (towards output) |
| | | |
− | ==== NanoVNA Measurements ====
| + | [[file:RF-Amp-T1.PNG]] |
| | | |
− | * No RF in
| + | == LT Spice Simulation == |
− | * LO driven by NanoVNA Tx
| |
− | ** About -10dBm output
| |
− | * IF output to NanoVNA Rx
| |
− | * IF at 9 MHz
| |
− | ** VSWR: 2.233
| |
− | ** S21 Gain: -67 dB
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_LO-to-IF.png]]
| + | === Transformer 35 uH === |
| | | |
− | * NanoVNA
| + | [[File:RF-AMP-LTSPICE_35uH.PNG]] |
− | * No LO in
| |
− | * RF driven by NanoVNA Tx
| |
− | * IF output to NanoVNA Rx
| |
− | * IF at 9 MHz
| |
− | ** VSWR: 2.216
| |
− | ** S21 Gain: -42 dB
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF.png]]
| + | == Charlie Morris Schematics == |
| | | |
− | * Scanning from 1 to 100 MHz | + | * From [https://zl2ctm.blogspot.com/2020/11/go-qrp-portable-ssb-rig.html Charlie Morris' (ZL2CTM) Go QRP Portable SSB Rig] |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF_1-100MHz.png]]
| + | === IF AMP === |
| | | |
− | ==== tinySA Measurements ==== | + | * From Charlie's notes |
| + | ** DC Operating Point = 10 mA |
| + | ** V(emitter resistor) = 1/10 Vcc = 1.2V |
| + | *** R(emitter resistor) = 1.2V/0.01A = 120 ohms |
| + | * Beta DC = geometric mean min/max beta at operating current |
| + | ** = sqrt(100*300) = 173 |
| + | * Beta AC = gain bandwidth product divided by operating frequency |
| + | ** Assume operating frequency of 10 MHz (my IF is actually at 9 MHz) |
| + | ** = 300/10 = 30 |
| + | * VCE = 0.7V |
| + | * V(emitter) = 1.2V |
| + | * V(base) = V(emitter) + VCE = 1.9V |
| + | * Assume current in biasing resistors = 10x current needed by DC beta |
| + | ** 10 mA in C-E, beta DC less = 10 mA/173 \ |
| | | |
− | ===== LO to IF port isolation =====
| |
| | | |
− | * Driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave output
| |
− | ** Signal level about 0.5 dBm
| |
− | ** CLK0 = 9 MHz into LO port
| |
− | * Monitor IF output from mixer on tinySA
| |
− | ** Output through 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_RF-to-IF_9Mhz-center.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | ===== Mixer Operation =====
| |
| | | |
− | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
| |
− | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
| |
− | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 30 dB attenuator
| |
− | ** CLK1 = LO @16 MHz no attenuator
| |
− | * Monitor IF output from mixer on [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** IF out to tinySA with 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-center.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | * Same but 9 MHz picked out
| |
− | * Approx. 8 dB insertion loss
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at9MHz.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | * Look at 7 MHz RF freq on IF output
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at7MHz.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | * Look at 16 MHz LO freq on IF output
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at16MHz.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | == Kits and Parts Diode Mixer ==
| |
| | | |
− | * [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer Kit]
| |
− | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first is using a [[NanoVNA]] or [[tinySA]] to adjust
| |
− | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts
| |
− | ** Bare board - $5
| |
− | ** Kit - $12
| |
| | | |
− | === Diode Mixer Card Schematic ===
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:DBDM.SCH.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | [[file:DBDM.PCB.png]]
| |
| | | |
− | == Typical Application ==
| |
| | | |
− | * 7 MHz RF, 40 M band
| |
− | * 16 MHz LO
| |
− | ** Si5351A square wave drive
| |
− | * 9 MHz (difference 16-7=9) IF feeds Crystal Filter
| |
− | ** SSB or CW [[Crystal Filter Design|Crystal Filter Design]] - 9 MHz nominal
| |
− | *** [[Crystal Filter Design#SSB 4 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]]
| |
− | *** [[SSB6_Design|SSB6 Design Crystal filter]]
| |
− | *** [[Crystal_Filter_Design#CW 5 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|CW5 Crystal Filter]]
| |
− | * Use Si5351 to drive LO and/or RF ports
| |
| | | |
− | === Si5351A Drive Level ===
| |
| | | |
− | * [https://www.skyworksinc.com/-/media/Skyworks/SL/documents/public/data-sheets/Si5351-B.pdf Si5351A] used to drive LO and/or RF ports
| + | 0 |
− | ** 3 outputs
| |
− | ** LO at full level (+7dBm)
| |
− | ** RF at various levels with attenuators to drop to expected RF signal levels
| |
− | * Don't want more than 7 dBm into LO or RF ports
| |
− | * Two Si5351 Designs to drive ADE-1 LO or RF ports
| |
− | ** [[VFO-001]]
| |
− | *** Uses the Si5351 without external drivers
| |
− | *** Set drive levels to 2mA, 4mA, 6mA or 8mA
| |
− | ** [[VFO-003]] - Adds 50Ω drivers
| |
− | *** Level is fixed
| |
− | *** Three 74AC14 parts with 150 ohms outputs paralleled
| |
− | *** 13 dBm output
| |
− | *** Install 6 dBm attenuator on board (13-6=7)
| |
| | | |
− | ==== VFO-001 drive ====
| + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0046A.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | * The RMS value is for square-wave voltages whose pulse duration (ti) and pause (tp) have the same length:
| + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0046B.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:RMS-SquareWave.PNG]] | + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0046C.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value#:~:text=The%20rms%20value%20is%20for%20square-wave%20voltages%20whose,rms%20value%20is%20equal%20to%20the%20peak%20value Square Wave Calculator]
| + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0047A.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-2.PNG]] | + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0047B.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | * Drive level of 3.3V
| + | [[FILE:IF Amp_0047C.jpg]] |
| | | |
− | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-3.PNG]]
| + | == Video == |
| | | |
− | * 100 mW is 20 dBm
| + | <video type="youtube">CHdtoupH2Vg</video> |
− | * ADE-1 needs 7 dBm level
| |
− | * Would need a 13 dB attenuator
| |
− | ** Not actually true
| |
− | *** Although the Si5351 datasheet says it drives 50 Ohms loads this is not exactly the case
| |
− | *** Drive levels are controlled by the output current setting
| |
− | * Si5351A outputs measured on [[VFO-001]]
| |
− | ** Drive Level 2 mA = 0.2 dBm
| |
− | ** Drive Level 4 mA = 6.2 dBm << Use this level
| |
− | ** Drive Level 6 mA = 9.7 dBm
| |
− | ** Drive Level 8 mA = 11.7 dBm
| |
| | | |
− | ==== VFO-003 drive ==== | + | <video type="youtube">YJTsWV2kzFY</video> |
| | | |
− | * [[VFO-003#Output_Power_-_Power_Calculation|VFO-003 Output_Power - Power Calculation]]
| + | <video type="youtube">xPFzFhM0ojE</video> |
| | | |
− | * RMS Voltage of square wave
| + | == Assembly Sheet == |
| | | |
− | [[file:SquareWace-3.3V.PNG]]
| + | * [[RF Amplifier Assembly Sheet]] |
− | | |
− | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value Square Wave Calculator]
| |
− | * 2.33V^2/100 = 0.0542W
| |
− | * Power is split between Source and load resistors
| |
− | * 0.02714W
| |
− | | |
− | * dBm Calculation
| |
− | | |
− | * [https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/dbm-converter.html mW to dBm calculator]
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:SquareWave-3.3V_dBm.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Expect 14.3 dBm drive | |
− | * Measured 12.6 dBm with [[NanoVNA]] - Pretty close
| |
− | * Need a 6 dB attenuator on the LO input to reduce [[VFO-003]] for Level 7 mixers (like the ADE-1 mixer)
| |
− | ** 6 dB 150-36-150
| |
− | | |
− | ===== Mixer with SSB4 IF Crystal Filter =====
| |
− | | |
− | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
| |
− | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
| |
− | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
| |
− | ** CLK1 = LO @15.998,6 MHz no attenuator
| |
− | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]]
| |
− | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]] input
| |
− | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
| |
− | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** LO present but down
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_1_to_30MHz.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * 16 MHz LO level
| |
− | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | ===== Mixer with CW5 IF Crystal Filter =====
| |
− | | |
− | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
| |
− | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
| |
− | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
| |
− | ** CLK1 = LO @15.997,9 MHz no attenuator
| |
− | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW_5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]]
| |
− | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#C_W5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]] input
| |
− | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW_5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW5CystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
| |
− | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** LO present but down
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW5CystalFilter_9MHz_1to30MHz.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * 16 MHz LO level
| |
− | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW5CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | ===== Mixer with CW3 IF Crystal Filter =====
| |
− | | |
− | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
| |
− | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
| |
− | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
| |
− | ** CLK1 = LO @15.997,7 MHz no attenuator
| |
− | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]]
| |
− | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]] input
| |
− | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW3CystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
| |
− | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
| |
− | ** LO present but down
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW3CystalFilter_9MHz_1to30MHz.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * 16 MHz LO level
| |
− | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW3CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | == Bridged Tee Diplexer ==
| |
− | | |
− | Diplexor is a bandpass/band-stop filter popularized by [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVUv8C-8g-Y Joe Reisert W1JR] that is used after a double Balanced Mixer to provide a 50 ohm termination to all frequencies at the mixer's IF port, and to the following amplifier stage. Maintaining a consistent load at the mixer avoids overload and Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD) effects that these mixers are prone to when not properly terminated.
| |
− | | |
− | === LTSpice simulation ===
| |
− | | |
− | * 9 MHz
| |
− | * FT37-67, 20T-12" = 8 uH
| |
− | * T37-17, 13T-10" = 250 nH
| |
− | * C2 adjusts peak from left to right
| |
− | | |
− | [[FILE:DIPLEXER_SPICE_SIM.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | * [https://www.changpuak.ch/electronics/calc_16a.php Diplexer Calculator (Bridged Tee) Diplexer Calculator]
| |
− | * [https://www.qsl.net/g3oou/mixerterminations.html Mixer Diplexer description]
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:Diplexer.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:Diplexer_pass.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | <video type="youtube">zOk_0IiIgZY</video>
| |
− | | |
− | ==== Toroid Winding Direction ====
| |
− | | |
− | * Toroids needs to be wound to match the pad locations/offsets on the PCB
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:toroid-cw.jpg]]
| |
− | | |
− | === Adjust IF Diplexer C1 (ADE-1) ===
| |
− | | |
− | * Drive RF port from [[NanoVNA]]
| |
− | ** Nominal 0 dBm drive level
| |
− | * IF port is output
| |
− | ** Listen on IF port on [[NanoVNA]]
| |
− | * No drive on LO
| |
− | * 9 MHz is IF design frequency
| |
− | * Nano VNA set to scan from 1 Mhz to 30 MHz
| |
− | ** Shows peak expected signal around 9 MHz
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Scan from 8 to 10 MHz
| |
− | * Adjust C1 to peak near 9 MHz
| |
− | ** Eliminate double peaks
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF_8-10MHz.png]]
| |
− | | |
− | == ADE-1 Mixer as Product Detector ==
| |
− | | |
− | [[FILE:P1927-720PX.jpg]]
| |
− | | |
− | * RF is 9 MHz from IF stage
| |
− | * LO is 9 MHz BFO from [[VFO-003]]
| |
− | ** Minor adjustments to get to side of the base band offset
| |
− | * IF output is audio
| |
− | ** Mixer goes down to DC
| |
− | * IF needs Audio Filter
| |
− | ** IF port wants to see 50 Ohm termination across output
| |
− | ** 0.33 uF cap/50 ohms terminates higher frequencies at 50 ohms
| |
− | ** [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/871-B78108S1155J 1.5 mH inductor] in series as filter on audio output
| |
− | * LTSpice Simulation
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:LP_Audio-2.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | * Circuit Mods
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter-2.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | * IF section
| |
− | | |
− | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter_Physicals-4.PNG]]
| |
− | | |
− | == Videos ==
| |
− | | |
− | <video type="youtube">GvadQpkZ8l0</video>
| |
− | | |
− | <video type="youtube">Mm7WfVzr1ao</video>
| |
− | | |
− | <video type="youtube">7qhY_NMNzxw</video>
| |