Difference between revisions of "Kits and Parts Mixers"
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+ | [[file:K&P_ADE_Mixer-P1899-720px.jpg]] | ||
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== Kits and Parts Mixers - Features in Common == | == Kits and Parts Mixers - Features in Common == | ||
− | + | * Available as [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Diode Ring Mixer] or [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php ADE-1 || ADE-6 Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer] kits from [https://kitsandparts.com/ Kits and Parts] | |
− | + | * LO, IF, RF Ports are all 50Ω | |
− | + | * +7dBm Local Oscillator injection level | |
− | + | ** As measured into 50Ω load | |
− | * Available as | + | *** Mixers are not linear and loads should not be measured at the mixer |
− | + | * ~5dB RF > IF conversion loss in HF region | |
− | + | * IF Port | |
− | + | ** Full Diplexer at the IF Port | |
− | + | ** Low Pass Filter can be populated if used as Product Detector / Balanced Modulator | |
− | + | * Board has pads (1206 SMT or 1/8W resistor pads) for optional Attenuators on RF & LO Ports | |
− | + | * 3 pin, 0.1" pads at board edges allow SMA edge connectors to be used | |
− | + | * Mounting holes in all 4 corners | |
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== Kits and Parts ADE-1 Mixer == | == Kits and Parts ADE-1 Mixer == | ||
* [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts Mixer] | * [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts Mixer] | ||
− | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first using [[NanoVNA]] and/or [[tinySA]] | + | * Mini-Circuits ADE-1+ Double Balanced Diode Mixer with built in 50Ω transformers |
+ | ** [https://www.minicircuits.com/pdfs/ADE-1+.pdf ADE-1+ Datasheet] | ||
+ | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first if using [[NanoVNA]] and/or [[tinySA]] | ||
** Only 1 cap adjust | ** Only 1 cap adjust | ||
− | ** Inductors can be spread/compressed | + | ** Inductors can also be spread/compressed if needed |
+ | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts | ||
+ | ** Bare board - $5 | ||
+ | ** Kit - $14 | ||
+ | *** Good deal since the [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Mini-Circuits/ADE-1%2b?qs=xZ%2FP%252Ba9zWqZNkkNe3uAsRQ%3D%3D mixer itself is $6] | ||
[[file:ADE-1.SCH.png]] | [[file:ADE-1.SCH.png]] | ||
[[file:ADE-1.PCB.png]] | [[file:ADE-1.PCB.png]] | ||
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=== ADE-1 Schematic === | === ADE-1 Schematic === | ||
Line 184: | Line 118: | ||
[[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at16MHz.png]] | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at16MHz.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Kits and Parts Diode Mixer == | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer Kit] | ||
+ | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first is using a [[NanoVNA]] or [[tinySA]] to adjust | ||
+ | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts | ||
+ | ** Bare board - $5 | ||
+ | ** Kit - $12 | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Diode Mixer Card Schematic === | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:DBDM.SCH.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:DBDM.PCB.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Bridged Tee Diplexer == | ||
+ | |||
+ | Diplexor is a bandpass/band-stop filter popularized by [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVUv8C-8g-Y Joe Reisert W1JR] that is used after a double Balanced Mixer to provide a 50 ohm termination to all frequencies at the mixer's IF port, and to the following amplifier stage. Maintaining a consistent load at the mixer avoids overload and Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD) effects that these mixers are prone to when not properly terminated. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === LTSpice simulation === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 9 MHz | ||
+ | * FT37-67, 20T-12" = 8 uH | ||
+ | * T37-17, 13T-10" = 250 nH | ||
+ | * C2 adjusts peak from left to right | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[FILE:DIPLEXER_SPICE_SIM.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.changpuak.ch/electronics/calc_16a.php Diplexer Calculator (Bridged Tee) Diplexer Calculator] | ||
+ | * [https://www.qsl.net/g3oou/mixerterminations.html Mixer Diplexer description] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:Diplexer.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:Diplexer_pass.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | <video type="youtube">zOk_0IiIgZY</video> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Toroid Winding Direction ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Toroids needs to be wound to match the pad locations/offsets on the PCB | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:toroid-cw.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Adjust IF Diplexer C1 (ADE-1) === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Drive RF port from [[NanoVNA]] | ||
+ | ** Nominal 0 dBm drive level | ||
+ | * IF port is output | ||
+ | ** Listen on IF port on [[NanoVNA]] | ||
+ | * No drive on LO | ||
+ | * 9 MHz is IF design frequency | ||
+ | * Nano VNA set to scan from 1 Mhz to 30 MHz | ||
+ | ** Shows peak expected signal around 9 MHz | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Scan from 8 to 10 MHz | ||
+ | * Adjust C1 to peak near 9 MHz | ||
+ | ** Eliminate double peaks | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF_8-10MHz.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == ADE-1 Mixer as Product Detector == | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[FILE:P1927-720PX.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * RF is 9 MHz from IF stage | ||
+ | * LO is 9 MHz BFO from [[VFO-003]] | ||
+ | ** Minor adjustments to get to side of the base band offset | ||
+ | * IF output is audio | ||
+ | ** Mixer goes down to DC | ||
+ | * IF needs Audio Filter | ||
+ | ** IF port wants to see 50 Ohm termination across output | ||
+ | ** 0.33 uF cap/50 ohms terminates higher frequencies at 50 ohms | ||
+ | ** [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/871-B78108S1155J 1.5 mH inductor] in series as filter on audio output | ||
+ | * LTSpice Simulation | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:LP_Audio-2.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Circuit Mods | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter-2.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * IF section | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter_Physicals-4.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Typical Application == | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 7 MHz RF, 40 M band | ||
+ | * 16 MHz LO | ||
+ | ** Si5351A square wave drive | ||
+ | * 9 MHz (difference 16-7=9) IF feeds Crystal Filter | ||
+ | ** SSB or CW [[Crystal Filter Design|Crystal Filter Design]] - 9 MHz nominal | ||
+ | *** [[Crystal Filter Design#SSB 4 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]] | ||
+ | *** [[SSB6_Design|SSB6 Design Crystal filter]] | ||
+ | *** [[Crystal_Filter_Design#CW 5 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|CW5 Crystal Filter]] | ||
+ | * Use Si5351 to drive LO port | ||
+ | ** Drive pad attenuator may be required | ||
+ | * Use Si5351 to drive RF port for testing | ||
+ | ** Use large external pad attenuator for low level signal insertion | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[FILE:MIXER_TEST.png]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Si5351A Drive Level === | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.skyworksinc.com/-/media/Skyworks/SL/documents/public/data-sheets/Si5351-B.pdf Si5351A] used to drive LO and/or RF ports | ||
+ | ** 3 outputs | ||
+ | ** LO at full level (+7dBm) | ||
+ | ** RF at various levels with attenuators to drop to expected RF signal levels | ||
+ | * Don't want more than 7 dBm into LO or RF ports | ||
+ | * Two Si5351 Designs to drive ADE-1 LO or RF ports | ||
+ | ** [[VFO-001]] | ||
+ | *** Uses the Si5351 without external drivers | ||
+ | *** Set drive levels to 2mA, 4mA, 6mA or 8mA | ||
+ | ** [[VFO-003]] - Adds 50Ω drivers | ||
+ | *** Level is fixed | ||
+ | *** Three 74AC14 parts with 150 ohms outputs paralleled | ||
+ | *** 13 dBm output | ||
+ | *** Install 6 dBm attenuator on board (13-6=7) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== VFO-001 drive ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * The RMS value is for square-wave voltages whose pulse duration (ti) and pause (tp) have the same length: | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:RMS-SquareWave.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value#:~:text=The%20rms%20value%20is%20for%20square-wave%20voltages%20whose,rms%20value%20is%20equal%20to%20the%20peak%20value Square Wave Calculator] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-2.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Drive level of 3.3V | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-3.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * 100 mW is 20 dBm | ||
+ | * ADE-1 needs 7 dBm level | ||
+ | * Would need a 13 dB attenuator | ||
+ | ** Not actually true | ||
+ | *** Although the Si5351 datasheet says it drives 50 Ohms loads this is not exactly the case | ||
+ | *** Drive levels are controlled by the output current setting | ||
+ | * Si5351A outputs measured on [[VFO-001]] | ||
+ | ** Drive Level 2 mA = 0.2 dBm | ||
+ | ** Drive Level 4 mA = 6.2 dBm << Use this level | ||
+ | ** Drive Level 6 mA = 9.7 dBm | ||
+ | ** Drive Level 8 mA = 11.7 dBm | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== VFO-003 drive ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [[VFO-003#Output_Power_-_Power_Calculation|VFO-003 Output_Power - Power Calculation]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * RMS Voltage of square wave | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:SquareWace-3.3V.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value Square Wave Calculator] | ||
+ | * 2.33V^2/100 = 0.0542W | ||
+ | * Power is split between Source and load resistors | ||
+ | * 0.02714W | ||
+ | |||
+ | * dBm Calculation | ||
+ | |||
+ | * [https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/dbm-converter.html mW to dBm calculator] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[file:SquareWave-3.3V_dBm.PNG]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | * Expect 14.3 dBm drive | ||
+ | * Measured 12.6 dBm with [[NanoVNA]] - Pretty close | ||
+ | * Need a 6 dB attenuator on the LO input to reduce [[VFO-003]] for Level 7 mixers (like the ADE-1 mixer) | ||
+ | ** 6 dB 150-36-150 | ||
===== Mixer with SSB4 IF Crystal Filter ===== | ===== Mixer with SSB4 IF Crystal Filter ===== | ||
Line 256: | Line 360: | ||
[[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW3CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]] | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW3CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]] | ||
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== Videos == | == Videos == | ||
Line 334: | Line 366: | ||
<video type="youtube">Mm7WfVzr1ao</video> | <video type="youtube">Mm7WfVzr1ao</video> | ||
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+ | <video type="youtube">7qhY_NMNzxw</video> |
Latest revision as of 18:18, 5 November 2021
Contents
Kits and Parts Mixers - Features in Common
- Available as Diode Ring Mixer or ADE-1 || ADE-6 Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer kits from Kits and Parts
- LO, IF, RF Ports are all 50Ω
- +7dBm Local Oscillator injection level
- As measured into 50Ω load
- Mixers are not linear and loads should not be measured at the mixer
- As measured into 50Ω load
- ~5dB RF > IF conversion loss in HF region
- IF Port
- Full Diplexer at the IF Port
- Low Pass Filter can be populated if used as Product Detector / Balanced Modulator
- Board has pads (1206 SMT or 1/8W resistor pads) for optional Attenuators on RF & LO Ports
- 3 pin, 0.1" pads at board edges allow SMA edge connectors to be used
- Mounting holes in all 4 corners
Kits and Parts ADE-1 Mixer
- Kits and Parts Mixer
- Mini-Circuits ADE-1+ Double Balanced Diode Mixer with built in 50Ω transformers
- Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first if using NanoVNA and/or tinySA
- Only 1 cap adjust
- Inductors can also be spread/compressed if needed
- Available from Kits and Parts as bare PCB or kit of parts
- Bare board - $5
- Kit - $14
- Good deal since the mixer itself is $6
ADE-1 Schematic
Performance
Port VWSR
- Measured VSWR of 2.23 at 9 MHz with NanoVNA matches spec nicely
ADE-1 Measurements
NanoVNA Measurements
- No RF in
- LO driven by NanoVNA Tx
- About -10dBm output
- IF output to NanoVNA Rx
- IF at 9 MHz
- VSWR: 2.233
- S21 Gain: -67 dB
- NanoVNA
- No LO in
- RF driven by NanoVNA Tx
- IF output to NanoVNA Rx
- IF at 9 MHz
- VSWR: 2.216
- S21 Gain: -42 dB
- Scanning from 1 to 100 MHz
tinySA Measurements
LO to IF port isolation
- Driven by VFO-001 3.3V squarewave output
- Signal level about 0.5 dBm
- CLK0 = 9 MHz into LO port
- Monitor IF output from mixer on tinySA
- Output through 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
Mixer Operation
- Mixer is driven by VFO-001 3.3V squarewave outputs
- Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
- CLK0 = RF @7 MHz VFO-001 output with 30 dB attenuator
- CLK1 = LO @16 MHz no attenuator
- Monitor IF output from mixer on tinySA
- IF out to tinySA with 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
- Same but 9 MHz picked out
- Approx. 8 dB insertion loss
- Look at 7 MHz RF freq on IF output
- Look at 16 MHz LO freq on IF output
Kits and Parts Diode Mixer
- Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer Kit
- Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first is using a NanoVNA or tinySA to adjust
- Available from Kits and Parts as bare PCB or kit of parts
- Bare board - $5
- Kit - $12
Diode Mixer Card Schematic
Bridged Tee Diplexer
Diplexor is a bandpass/band-stop filter popularized by Joe Reisert W1JR that is used after a double Balanced Mixer to provide a 50 ohm termination to all frequencies at the mixer's IF port, and to the following amplifier stage. Maintaining a consistent load at the mixer avoids overload and Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD) effects that these mixers are prone to when not properly terminated.
LTSpice simulation
- 9 MHz
- FT37-67, 20T-12" = 8 uH
- T37-17, 13T-10" = 250 nH
- C2 adjusts peak from left to right
Toroid Winding Direction
- Toroids needs to be wound to match the pad locations/offsets on the PCB
Adjust IF Diplexer C1 (ADE-1)
- Drive RF port from NanoVNA
- Nominal 0 dBm drive level
- IF port is output
- Listen on IF port on NanoVNA
- No drive on LO
- 9 MHz is IF design frequency
- Nano VNA set to scan from 1 Mhz to 30 MHz
- Shows peak expected signal around 9 MHz
- Scan from 8 to 10 MHz
- Adjust C1 to peak near 9 MHz
- Eliminate double peaks
ADE-1 Mixer as Product Detector
- RF is 9 MHz from IF stage
- LO is 9 MHz BFO from VFO-003
- Minor adjustments to get to side of the base band offset
- IF output is audio
- Mixer goes down to DC
- IF needs Audio Filter
- IF port wants to see 50 Ohm termination across output
- 0.33 uF cap/50 ohms terminates higher frequencies at 50 ohms
- 1.5 mH inductor in series as filter on audio output
- LTSpice Simulation
- Circuit Mods
- IF section
Typical Application
- 7 MHz RF, 40 M band
- 16 MHz LO
- Si5351A square wave drive
- 9 MHz (difference 16-7=9) IF feeds Crystal Filter
- SSB or CW Crystal Filter Design - 9 MHz nominal
- Use Si5351 to drive LO port
- Drive pad attenuator may be required
- Use Si5351 to drive RF port for testing
- Use large external pad attenuator for low level signal insertion
Si5351A Drive Level
- Si5351A used to drive LO and/or RF ports
- 3 outputs
- LO at full level (+7dBm)
- RF at various levels with attenuators to drop to expected RF signal levels
- Don't want more than 7 dBm into LO or RF ports
- Two Si5351 Designs to drive ADE-1 LO or RF ports
VFO-001 drive
- The RMS value is for square-wave voltages whose pulse duration (ti) and pause (tp) have the same length:
- Drive level of 3.3V
- 100 mW is 20 dBm
- ADE-1 needs 7 dBm level
- Would need a 13 dB attenuator
- Not actually true
- Although the Si5351 datasheet says it drives 50 Ohms loads this is not exactly the case
- Drive levels are controlled by the output current setting
- Not actually true
- Si5351A outputs measured on VFO-001
- Drive Level 2 mA = 0.2 dBm
- Drive Level 4 mA = 6.2 dBm << Use this level
- Drive Level 6 mA = 9.7 dBm
- Drive Level 8 mA = 11.7 dBm
VFO-003 drive
- RMS Voltage of square wave
- Square Wave Calculator
- 2.33V^2/100 = 0.0542W
- Power is split between Source and load resistors
- 0.02714W
- dBm Calculation
- Expect 14.3 dBm drive
- Measured 12.6 dBm with NanoVNA - Pretty close
- Need a 6 dB attenuator on the LO input to reduce VFO-003 for Level 7 mixers (like the ADE-1 mixer)
- 6 dB 150-36-150
Mixer with SSB4 IF Crystal Filter
- Mixer is driven by VFO-001 3.3V squarewave outputs
- Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
- CLK0 = RF @7 MHz VFO-001 output with 20 dB attenuator
- CLK1 = LO @15.998,6 MHz no attenuator
- Adjusted to center of the SSB4 Crystal filter
- IF output from mixer to SSB4 Crystal filter input
- Monitor SSB4 Crystal filter output on tinySA
- No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
- Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
- Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the tinySA
- LO present but down
- 16 MHz LO level
- 16 dB lower with crystal filter
Mixer with CW5 IF Crystal Filter
- Mixer is driven by VFO-001 3.3V squarewave outputs
- Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
- CLK0 = RF @7 MHz VFO-001 output with 20 dB attenuator
- CLK1 = LO @15.997,9 MHz no attenuator
- Adjusted to center of the CW5 Crystal filter
- IF output from mixer to CW5 Crystal filter input
- Monitor CW5 Crystal filter output on tinySA
- No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
- Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
- Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the tinySA
- LO present but down
- 16 MHz LO level
- 16 dB lower with crystal filter
Mixer with CW3 IF Crystal Filter
- Mixer is driven by VFO-001 3.3V squarewave outputs
- Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
- CLK0 = RF @7 MHz VFO-001 output with 20 dB attenuator
- CLK1 = LO @15.997,7 MHz no attenuator
- Adjusted to center of the CW3 Crystal filter
- IF output from mixer to CW3 Crystal filter input
- Monitor CW3 Crystal filter output on tinySA
- No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
- Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
- Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the tinySA
- LO present but down
- 16 MHz LO level
- 16 dB lower with crystal filter
Videos