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| Line 1: |
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| − | [[file:K&P_ADE_Mixer-P1899-720px.jpg]]
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| | | | |
| − | == Kits and Parts Mixers - Features in Common ==
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| − |
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| − | * Available as [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Diode Ring Mixer] or [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php ADE-1 || ADE-6 Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer] kits from [https://kitsandparts.com/ Kits and Parts]
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| − | * LO, IF, RF Ports are all 50Ω
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| − | * +7dBm Local Oscillator injection level
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| − | ** As measured into 50Ω load
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| − | *** Mixers are not linear and loads should not be measured at the mixer
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| − | * ~5dB RF > IF conversion loss in HF region
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| − | * IF Port
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| − | ** Full Diplexer at the IF Port
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| − | ** Low Pass Filter can be populated if used as Product Detector / Balanced Modulator
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| − | * Board has pads (1206 SMT or 1/8W resistor pads) for optional Attenuators on RF & LO Ports
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| − | * 3 pin, 0.1" pads at board edges allow SMA edge connectors to be used
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| − | * Mounting holes in all 4 corners
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| − |
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| − | == Kits and Parts ADE-1 Mixer ==
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| − |
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| − | * [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts Mixer]
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| − | * Mini-Circuits ADE-1+ Double Balanced Diode Mixer with built in 50Ω transformers
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| − | ** [https://www.minicircuits.com/pdfs/ADE-1+.pdf ADE-1+ Datasheet]
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| − | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first if using [[NanoVNA]] and/or [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** Only 1 cap adjust
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| − | ** Inductors can also be spread/compressed if needed
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| − | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts
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| − | ** Bare board - $5
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| − | ** Kit - $14
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| − | *** Good deal since the [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Mini-Circuits/ADE-1%2b?qs=xZ%2FP%252Ba9zWqZNkkNe3uAsRQ%3D%3D mixer itself is $6]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.SCH.png]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.PCB.png]]
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| − |
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| − | === ADE-1 Schematic ===
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_Schematic.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | === Performance ===
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| − |
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| − | [[file:Chart_dBm-to-Volts.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_Performance.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_ElectricalSpecs.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | === Port VWSR ===
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| − |
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| − | * Measured VSWR of 2.23 at 9 MHz with NanoVNA matches spec nicely
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_LO_VSWR.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_IF_VSWR.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_RF_VSWR.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | === ADE-1 Measurements ===
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| − |
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| − | ==== NanoVNA Measurements ====
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| − |
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| − | * No RF in
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| − | * LO driven by NanoVNA Tx
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| − | ** About -10dBm output
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| − | * IF output to NanoVNA Rx
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| − | * IF at 9 MHz
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| − | ** VSWR: 2.233
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| − | ** S21 Gain: -67 dB
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_LO-to-IF.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * NanoVNA
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| − | * No LO in
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| − | * RF driven by NanoVNA Tx
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| − | * IF output to NanoVNA Rx
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| − | * IF at 9 MHz
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| − | ** VSWR: 2.216
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| − | ** S21 Gain: -42 dB
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Scanning from 1 to 100 MHz
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF_1-100MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | ==== tinySA Measurements ====
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| − |
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| − | ===== LO to IF port isolation =====
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| − |
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| − | * Driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave output
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| − | ** Signal level about 0.5 dBm
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| − | ** CLK0 = 9 MHz into LO port
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| − | * Monitor IF output from mixer on tinySA
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| − | ** Output through 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_RF-to-IF_9Mhz-center.png]]
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| − |
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| − | ===== Mixer Operation =====
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| − |
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| − | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
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| − | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
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| − | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 30 dB attenuator
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| − | ** CLK1 = LO @16 MHz no attenuator
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| − | * Monitor IF output from mixer on [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** IF out to tinySA with 20 dB attenuator (tinySA set to -20dB gain)
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-center.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Same but 9 MHz picked out
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| − | * Approx. 8 dB insertion loss
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at9MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Look at 7 MHz RF freq on IF output
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at7MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Look at 16 MHz LO freq on IF output
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.tinySA_LO-16MHz_RF-7MHz-to-IF_9Mhz-at16MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | == Kits and Parts Diode Mixer ==
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| − |
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| − | * [https://kitsandparts.com/DBDM.php Double Balanced Diode Ring Mixer Kit]
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| − | * Not necessary to build and tune diplexer first is using a [[NanoVNA]] or [[tinySA]] to adjust
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| − | * Available from [https://kitsandparts.com/ADE.php Kits and Parts] as bare PCB or kit of parts
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| − | ** Bare board - $5
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| − | ** Kit - $12
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| − |
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| − | === Diode Mixer Card Schematic ===
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| − |
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| − | [[file:DBDM.SCH.png]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:DBDM.PCB.png]]
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| − |
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| − | == Bridged Tee Diplexer ==
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| − |
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| − | Diplexor is a bandpass/band-stop filter popularized by [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVUv8C-8g-Y Joe Reisert W1JR] that is used after a double Balanced Mixer to provide a 50 ohm termination to all frequencies at the mixer's IF port, and to the following amplifier stage. Maintaining a consistent load at the mixer avoids overload and Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD) effects that these mixers are prone to when not properly terminated.
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| − |
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| − | === LTSpice simulation ===
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| − |
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| − | * 9 MHz
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| − | * FT37-67, 20T-12" = 8 uH
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| − | * T37-17, 13T-10" = 250 nH
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| − | * C2 adjusts peak from left to right
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| − |
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| − | [[FILE:DIPLEXER_SPICE_SIM.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * [https://www.changpuak.ch/electronics/calc_16a.php Diplexer Calculator (Bridged Tee) Diplexer Calculator]
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| − | * [https://www.qsl.net/g3oou/mixerterminations.html Mixer Diplexer description]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:Diplexer.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:Diplexer_pass.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | <video type="youtube">zOk_0IiIgZY</video>
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| − |
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| − | ==== Toroid Winding Direction ====
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| − |
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| − | * Toroids needs to be wound to match the pad locations/offsets on the PCB
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| − |
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| − | [[file:toroid-cw.jpg]]
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| − |
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| − | === Adjust IF Diplexer C1 (ADE-1) ===
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| − |
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| − | * Drive RF port from [[NanoVNA]]
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| − | ** Nominal 0 dBm drive level
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| − | * IF port is output
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| − | ** Listen on IF port on [[NanoVNA]]
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| − | * No drive on LO
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| − | * 9 MHz is IF design frequency
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| − | * Nano VNA set to scan from 1 Mhz to 30 MHz
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| − | ** Shows peak expected signal around 9 MHz
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Scan from 8 to 10 MHz
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| − | * Adjust C1 to peak near 9 MHz
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| − | ** Eliminate double peaks
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1.NanoVNA_RF-to-IF_8-10MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | == ADE-1 Mixer as Product Detector ==
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| − |
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| − | [[FILE:P1927-720PX.jpg]]
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| − |
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| − | * RF is 9 MHz from IF stage
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| − | * LO is 9 MHz BFO from [[VFO-003]]
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| − | ** Minor adjustments to get to side of the base band offset
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| − | * IF output is audio
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| − | ** Mixer goes down to DC
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| − | * IF needs Audio Filter
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| − | ** IF port wants to see 50 Ohm termination across output
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| − | ** 0.33 uF cap/50 ohms terminates higher frequencies at 50 ohms
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| − | ** [https://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/871-B78108S1155J 1.5 mH inductor] in series as filter on audio output
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| − | * LTSpice Simulation
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| − |
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| − | [[file:LP_Audio-2.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * Circuit Mods
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter-2.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * IF section
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| − |
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| − | [[file:ADE-1_AF_Filter_Physicals-4.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | == Typical Application ==
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| − |
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| − | * 7 MHz RF, 40 M band
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| − | * 16 MHz LO
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| − | ** Si5351A square wave drive
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| − | * 9 MHz (difference 16-7=9) IF feeds Crystal Filter
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| − | ** SSB or CW [[Crystal Filter Design|Crystal Filter Design]] - 9 MHz nominal
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| − | *** [[Crystal Filter Design#SSB 4 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]]
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| − | *** [[SSB6_Design|SSB6 Design Crystal filter]]
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| − | *** [[Crystal_Filter_Design#CW 5 Crystal Filter on Kits and Parts Board|CW5 Crystal Filter]]
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| − | * Use Si5351 to drive LO port
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| − | ** Drive pad attenuator may be required
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| − | * Use Si5351 to drive RF port for testing
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| − | ** Use large external pad attenuator for low level signal insertion
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| − |
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| − | [[FILE:MIXER_TEST.png]]
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| − |
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| − | === Si5351A Drive Level ===
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| − |
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| − | * [https://www.skyworksinc.com/-/media/Skyworks/SL/documents/public/data-sheets/Si5351-B.pdf Si5351A] used to drive LO and/or RF ports
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| − | ** 3 outputs
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| − | ** LO at full level (+7dBm)
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| − | ** RF at various levels with attenuators to drop to expected RF signal levels
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| − | * Don't want more than 7 dBm into LO or RF ports
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| − | * Two Si5351 Designs to drive ADE-1 LO or RF ports
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| − | ** [[VFO-001]]
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| − | *** Uses the Si5351 without external drivers
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| − | *** Set drive levels to 2mA, 4mA, 6mA or 8mA
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| − | ** [[VFO-003]] - Adds 50Ω drivers
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| − | *** Level is fixed
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| − | *** Three 74AC14 parts with 150 ohms outputs paralleled
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| − | *** 13 dBm output
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| − | *** Install 6 dBm attenuator on board (13-6=7)
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| − |
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| − | ==== VFO-001 drive ====
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| − |
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| − | * The RMS value is for square-wave voltages whose pulse duration (ti) and pause (tp) have the same length:
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| − |
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| − | [[file:RMS-SquareWave.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value#:~:text=The%20rms%20value%20is%20for%20square-wave%20voltages%20whose,rms%20value%20is%20equal%20to%20the%20peak%20value Square Wave Calculator]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-2.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * Drive level of 3.3V
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| − |
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| − | [[file:RMS-SquareWave-3.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * 100 mW is 20 dBm
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| − | * ADE-1 needs 7 dBm level
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| − | * Would need a 13 dB attenuator
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| − | ** Not actually true
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| − | *** Although the Si5351 datasheet says it drives 50 Ohms loads this is not exactly the case
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| − | *** Drive levels are controlled by the output current setting
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| − | * Si5351A outputs measured on [[VFO-001]]
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| − | ** Drive Level 2 mA = 0.2 dBm
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| − | ** Drive Level 4 mA = 6.2 dBm << Use this level
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| − | ** Drive Level 6 mA = 9.7 dBm
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| − | ** Drive Level 8 mA = 11.7 dBm
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| − |
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| − | ==== VFO-003 drive ====
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| − |
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| − | * [[VFO-003#Output_Power_-_Power_Calculation|VFO-003 Output_Power - Power Calculation]]
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| − |
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| − | * RMS Voltage of square wave
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| − |
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| − | [[file:SquareWace-3.3V.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * [https://www.redcrab-software.com/en/Calculator/Electrics/Rectangular-Voltage-RMS-Value Square Wave Calculator]
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| − | * 2.33V^2/100 = 0.0542W
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| − | * Power is split between Source and load resistors
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| − | * 0.02714W
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| − |
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| − | * dBm Calculation
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| − |
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| − | * [https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/power/dbm-converter.html mW to dBm calculator]
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| − |
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| − | [[file:SquareWave-3.3V_dBm.PNG]]
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| − |
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| − | * Expect 14.3 dBm drive
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| − | * Measured 12.6 dBm with [[NanoVNA]] - Pretty close
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| − | * Need a 6 dB attenuator on the LO input to reduce [[VFO-003]] for Level 7 mixers (like the ADE-1 mixer)
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| − | ** 6 dB 150-36-150
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| − |
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| − | ===== Mixer with SSB4 IF Crystal Filter =====
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| − |
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| − | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
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| − | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
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| − | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
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| − | ** CLK1 = LO @15.998,6 MHz no attenuator
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| − | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]]
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| − | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]] input
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| − | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#SSB_4_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|SSB4 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
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| − | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** LO present but down
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_1_to_30MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * 16 MHz LO level
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| − | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
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| − |
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| − | ===== Mixer with CW5 IF Crystal Filter =====
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| − |
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| − | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
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| − | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
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| − | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
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| − | ** CLK1 = LO @15.997,9 MHz no attenuator
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| − | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW_5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]]
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| − | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#C_W5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]] input
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| − | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW_5_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW5 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW5CystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
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| − | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
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| − | ** LO present but down
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW5CystalFilter_9MHz_1to30MHz.png]]
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| − |
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| − | * 16 MHz LO level
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| − | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
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| − |
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| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW5CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
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| − |
| |
| − | ===== Mixer with CW3 IF Crystal Filter =====
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| − |
| |
| − | * Mixer is driven by [[VFO-001]] 3.3V squarewave outputs
| |
| − | ** Signal output levels about 0.5 dBm
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| − | ** CLK0 = RF @7 MHz [[VFO-001]] output with 20 dB attenuator
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| − | ** CLK1 = LO @15.997,7 MHz no attenuator
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| − | *** Adjusted to center of the [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]]
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| − | * IF output from mixer to [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]] input
| |
| − | * Monitor [[W7ZOI_Filters_on_Kits_and_Parts_Boards#CW3_Crystal_Filter_on_Kits_and_Parts_Board|CW3 Crystal filter]] output on [[tinySA]]
| |
| − | ** No attenuator on IF output into tinySA
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| − |
| |
| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW3CystalFilter_9MHz_center.png]]
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| − |
| |
| − | * Scan from 1 to 30 MHz
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| − | * Note other signals are now well into the noise floor of the [[tinySA]]
| |
| − | ** LO present but down
| |
| − |
| |
| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-Mixerw_CW3CystalFilter_9MHz_1to30MHz.png]]
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| − |
| |
| − | * 16 MHz LO level
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| − | * 16 dB lower with crystal filter
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| − |
| |
| − | [[file:tinySA_ADE-1-MixerwCW3CystalFilter_16MHz_LO-Suppression.png]]
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| − |
| |
| − | == Videos ==
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <video type="youtube">GvadQpkZ8l0</video>
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| − |
| |
| − | <video type="youtube">Mm7WfVzr1ao</video>
| |
| − |
| |
| − | <video type="youtube">7qhY_NMNzxw</video>
| |
