Difference between revisions of "PicoVGA01"

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(Created page with "file:PicoVGA_FRONT_3D.png == PicoVGA == <video type="youtube">wX1IPa3Q0LU</video> * [http://www.breatharian.eu/hw/picovga/index_en.html PicoVGA - VGA/TV display on Rasp...")
 
 
(128 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
[[file:PicoVGA_FRONT_3D.png]]
+
[[File:tindie-mediums.png|link=https://www.tindie.com/products/land_boards/picovga-card/]]
  
−
== PicoVGA ==
+
<video type="youtube">vfxayfrZSjY</video>
  
−
<video type="youtube">wX1IPa3Q0LU</video>
+
[[file:PicoVGA01_P1080468-720px.jpg]]
  
−
* [http://www.breatharian.eu/hw/picovga/index_en.html PicoVGA - VGA/TV display on Raspberry Pico] designed by Miroslav Nemecek
+
== PicoVGA ==
−
* [https://github.com/Panda381/PicoVGA PicoVGA GitHub repository]
 
  
−
The PicoVGA library allows output from the Raspberry Pico to a VGA monitor or PAL/NTSC TV, with a focus on ease of use in technical and gaming applications. It provides 4 graphic overlay layers with transparency, nearly 30 frame buffer formats that can be freely combined with each other, making do with limited RAM memory size. The limitation of output to 8 bits also contributes to RAM saving.
+
[http://www.breatharian.eu/hw/picovga/index_en.html PicoVGA] uses a Raspberry Pi Pico to drive a VGA/TV display. PicoVGA was designed by Miroslav Nemecek.
  
 
The RP2040 processor contains 264 KB of RAM. This is not much for higher resolution image output and therefore RAM needs to be very sparing. In technical practice and for retro games (the processor does not have the power for more advanced games), 8-bit graphics output in R3G3B2 format (i.e. red 3 bits, green 3 bits and blue 2 bits) is fully sufficient. Output in 16 or 24 bits is not meaningful in normal practice, as the Raspberry Pico does not have enough memory or power to provide such large amounts of data in areas other than short demos. Using the dithering technique, interesting display results can be achieved even with 8-bit output.
 
The RP2040 processor contains 264 KB of RAM. This is not much for higher resolution image output and therefore RAM needs to be very sparing. In technical practice and for retro games (the processor does not have the power for more advanced games), 8-bit graphics output in R3G3B2 format (i.e. red 3 bits, green 3 bits and blue 2 bits) is fully sufficient. Output in 16 or 24 bits is not meaningful in normal practice, as the Raspberry Pico does not have enough memory or power to provide such large amounts of data in areas other than short demos. Using the dithering technique, interesting display results can be achieved even with 8-bit output.
Line 16: Line 15:
 
== Features ==
 
== Features ==
  
−
* 1 base layer and 3 overlay layers with transparency
+
* [[Raspberry Pi Pico]]
−
* 8-bit output in R3G 3:3:2 format
+
** Automatic overclocking of processor
−
* VGA progressive output up to 1280x960 resolution
+
** Library uses the 2nd core, main program uses 1st core
−
* TV output in PAL or NTSC interlaced mode
+
* VGA
−
* 30 frame buffer formats: graphics, tiles, text, special
+
** 8-bit output in R:G:B 3:3:2 format (256 colors)
−
* Colour palettes
+
** VGA progressive output up to 1280x960 resolution
−
* Screen split into segments of different formats
+
** Automatic configuration video mode timings
−
* RLE compression
+
** Composite sync
−
* Transparency with selectable key colour
+
** Video formats
−
* Hardware sprites
+
*** 1 base layer and 3 overlay layers with transparency
−
* Output layers to different color bits (color planes)
+
*** 30 frame buffer formats: graphics, tiles, text, special
−
* Automatic configuration video mode timings
+
*** Colour palettes
−
* Automatic overclocking of processor
+
*** Screen split into segments of different formats
−
* Library uses the 2nd core, main program uses 1st core
+
*** RLE compression
 +
*** Transparency with selectable key colour
 +
*** Hardware sprites
 +
*** Output layers to different color bits (color planes)
 
* PWM mono audio output
 
* PWM mono audio output
−
* Joystick connector(S)
+
** 3.5mm stereo jack
 +
* Joystick connector(s)
 +
** [[JOYPAD]] or
 +
** 9-pin "Atari" Joystick
 +
* 99.5x69.5mm card
 +
** Fits into [https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2334524.m570.l1313&_nkw=100+76+35+enclosure&_sacat=0&LH_TitleDesc=0&_osacat=0&_odkw=10076+enclosure&LH_PrefLoc=2 100x76x35mm extruded aluminum enclosure]
 +
* (4) 4-40 mounting holes
 +
* [https://hackaday.io/project/186747-picovga-with-joystick-build Hackaday page]
  
 
== Connectors ==
 
== Connectors ==
  
−
=== J1/J3 Pico breakout ===
+
=== J1/J3 Pico Breakout Headers ===
 +
 
 +
* 2 of 1x20 headers
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA1_J1_J3.PNG]]
 +
 
 +
==== Pico Pin Use ====
 +
 
 +
* 8 spare pins
 +
* [[JOYPAD]] has more buttons than Atari Joystick (8 vs 5)
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Pico Pin
 +
! Pico Signal
 +
! PicoMite
 +
!
 +
! Pico Pin
 +
! Pico Signal
 +
! PicoMite
 +
! DB-9
 +
! JOYSTICK
 +
|-
 +
| 1
 +
| GP0
 +
| BLU_LO
 +
|
 +
| 40
 +
| VBUS
 +
| USB_PWR
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 2
 +
| GP1
 +
| BLU_HI
 +
|
 +
| 39
 +
| VSYS
 +
| 5V
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 3
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
| 38
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 4
 +
| GP2
 +
| GRN_LO
 +
|
 +
| 37
 +
| VEN3
 +
| VEN3
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 5
 +
| GP3
 +
| GRN_MID
 +
|
 +
| 36
 +
| V3OUT
 +
| +3.3V
 +
| J6-7
 +
| NOT USED
 +
|-
 +
| 6
 +
| GP4
 +
| GRN_HI
 +
|
 +
| 35
 +
| ADCREF
 +
| ADCREF
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 7
 +
| GP5
 +
| RED_LO
 +
|
 +
| 34
 +
| GP28
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 8
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
| 33
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 9
 +
| GP6
 +
| RED_MID
 +
|
 +
| 32
 +
| GP27
 +
| JOYPAD_UP
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 10
 +
| GP7
 +
| RED_HI
 +
|
 +
| 31
 +
| GP26
 +
| JOYPAD_UPPER_RIGHT
 +
| J6-5
 +
| PADDLEB
 +
|-
 +
| 11
 +
| GP8
 +
| CSYNC
 +
|
 +
| 30
 +
| RUN
 +
| RUN
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 12
 +
| GP9
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 29
 +
| GP22
 +
| JOYPAD_DOWN
 +
| J6-9
 +
| PADDLEA
 +
|-
 +
| 13
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
| 28
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 14
 +
| GP10
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 27
 +
| GP21
 +
| JOYPAD_CENTER_FIRE
 +
| J6-4
 +
| RIGHT
 +
|-
 +
| 15
 +
| GP11
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 26
 +
| GP20
 +
| JOYPAD_LEFT
 +
| J6-3
 +
| LEFT
 +
|-
 +
| 16
 +
| GP12
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 25
 +
| AUDIO
 +
| AUDIO_MONO
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 17
 +
| GP13
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 24
 +
| GP18
 +
| JOYPAD_FIRE
 +
| J6-2
 +
| DOWN
 +
|-
 +
| 18
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
|
 +
| 23
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
| J6-8
 +
| GND
 +
|-
 +
| 19
 +
| GP14
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 22
 +
| GP17
 +
| JOYPAD_RIGHT
 +
| J6-6
 +
| FIRE
 +
|-
 +
| 20
 +
| GP15
 +
| SPARE
 +
|
 +
| 21
 +
| GP16
 +
| JOYPAD_UPPER_LEFT
 +
| J6-1
 +
| UP
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
 
=== J2 - Mono Audio ===
 
=== J2 - Mono Audio ===
 +
 +
* 3.5mm stereo jack
 +
* Use with external amplified speakers
 +
* Mono signal on both speakers
 +
 +
[[file:PicoVGA1_Audio_J2.PNG]]
  
 
=== J4 - 5V USB B ===
 
=== J4 - 5V USB B ===
  
−
=== J5 / J6 - Joystick ===
+
* Power the card in an enclosure
 +
* 5V power
 +
* Full-size USB B
 +
* No USB signals
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA1_DC_J4.PNG]]
 +
 
 +
=== J5 - JOYPAD ===
  
 
[[file:P1826-CROPPED-720PX.jpg]]
 
[[file:P1826-CROPPED-720PX.jpg]]
 +
 +
* [[JOYPAD|Land Boards JOYPAD]] card
 +
* Optional 1x12 Header matches pinout of [[JOYPAD]] card
 +
** 8 switches
 +
*** Up, Down, Left, Right, Fire, Center Fire, Upper Left, Upper Right
 +
* [[JOYPAD]] card can be built without pull-up resistors
 +
* 1:1 cable between PicoVGA01 and [[JOYPAD]] cards
 +
** Can use 10 pin Dupont housings (don't need VCC connections)
 +
 +
[[FILE:RasPiPico_VGA_J5_JOYPAD.PNG]]
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
// Init the JoyPad pins
 +
// #define PB_UL 16 // Upper Left pushbutton
 +
// #define PB_RT 17 // Right direction
 +
// #define PB_FR 18 // Fire
 +
// #define PB_LT 20 // Left direction
 +
// #define PB_CF 21 // Center Fire
 +
// #define PB_DN 22 // Down direction
 +
// #define PB_UR 26 // Upper right
 +
// #define PB_UP 27 // Up direction
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
=== J6 - Joystick (DB-9) ===
 +
 +
[[FILE:RasPiPico_VGA_J6_JOYSTICK.PNG]]
 +
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
// Atari Joystick DB-9 pushbutton to Pico pin mapping
 +
#define PB_UP 16 // Up direction
 +
#define PB_DN 18 // Down direction
 +
#define PB_LT 20 // Left direction
 +
#define PB_RT 21 // Right direction
 +
#define PB_FR 17 // Fire
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
==== Rev 1 JOYPAD configured as Atari Joystick with DB-9 ====
 +
 +
[[file:PicoVGA_JOYPAD_P18499-720px.jpg]]
 +
 +
==== Rev 2 JOYPAD configured as Atari Joystick with DB-9 ====
 +
 +
[[file:PicoVGA01_JOYPAD-Rev2_P18581-720px.jpg]]
 +
 +
==== Atari Joystick ====
 +
 +
* Tested/works
 +
* Atari Joystick pinout
 +
 +
[[file:Atari_joystick_pinout.png]]
 +
 +
* [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07M5HYTZL/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1 Amazon Joystick link]
 +
 +
[[file:Amazon_Atari_Joystick.PNG]]
 +
 +
==== MSX Joystick ====
 +
 +
* Incompatible?
  
 
[[file:MSX_Joystick_Schematic_Circuit_382px.png]]
 
[[file:MSX_Joystick_Schematic_Circuit_382px.png]]
 +
  
 
# UP
 
# UP
Line 53: Line 357:
 
# +VCC
 
# +VCC
 
# BUTTON I
 
# BUTTON I
−
# BUTTION II
+
# BUTTON II
 
# BUTTON COMMON
 
# BUTTON COMMON
 
# GND
 
# GND
  
−
<pre>
+
=== J7 - 3.3V ===
−
// #define PB_RT 16
+
 
−
// #define PB_LT 17
+
* 1x2 header
−
// #define PB_CF 18
+
* Additional power pins for external use
−
// #define PB_DN 20
+
 
−
// #define PB_UR 21
+
[[file:PicoVGA1_3V_J7.PNG]]
−
// keyboard control:  
+
 
−
// 'L' right, RT - BRN - RIGHT
+
=== P1 - VGA ===
−
// 'I' turn, CF - YEL - CENTER FIRE ROTATE
+
 
−
// 'J' left, LF - ORG - LEFT
+
* Standard HD15 connector
−
// 'K' drop, DN - BLU - DOWN
+
* 8-bit output in R:G:B 3:3:2 format (256 colors)
−
// 'A' pause UR - GRY - UPPER RIGHT
+
 
−
</pre>
+
== Schematic ==
 +
 
 +
* [https://github.com/land-boards/lb-corporate-Identity/blob/master/lb-web/PicoVGA01/PicoVGA01_Rev1_Schematic.pdf PicoVGA01 Rev 1 Schematic]
 +
 
 +
== Connector Views ==
 +
 
 +
* Joystick/power
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA01_P1080474-720px.jpg]]
 +
 
 +
* VGA/audio
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA01_P1080475-720px.jpg]]
 +
 
 +
== Factory Acceptance Test ==
 +
 
 +
=== Test Setup ===
 +
 
 +
* Unit Under Test (UUT)
 +
** Raspberry Pi Pico RP2040A
 +
** Running [https://github.com/land-boards/RasPiPico/tree/main/PicoVGA/vga_pacmanJP PAC Man joypad] version
 +
* [[JOYPAD]] with 9 pin M-F cable
 +
* VGA Monitor
 +
* Stereo speakers
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA_JOYPAD_P18499-720px.jpg]]
 +
 
 +
=== Test Procedure ===
 +
 
 +
* Apply 5V power to UUT via USB B connector on UUT
 +
* Demo will play
 +
** Verify colors, R, B, Cyan, Yellow, White
 +
** Play game from JOYPAD moving LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN buttons
 +
** Verify pause via FIRE button
 +
* Mark TEST block on UUT PCB rear when completed
 +
 
 +
== Enclosure ==
 +
 
 +
* 99.5mmx69.5mm outline
 +
** Board is designed to fit into Aluminum Project Box Enclosure DIY 100*76*35mm - [https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_from=R40&_trksid=p2334524.m570.l1313&_nkw=100*76*35mm+aluminum&_sacat=0&LH_TitleDesc=0&_odkw=100*76*35mm+Aluminum+PCB+Instrument+Box+Enclosure+Electronic+Project+Case+Set&_id=174408274566 ebay search]
 +
** VGA, 3.5mm Audio on one end
 +
** USB B (Power), JoyStick DB-9 on the opposite end
 +
 
 +
== PicoVGA01 Mechanicals ==
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA01_Mechs.PNG]]
 +
 
 +
== Prototype Build Hardware ==
 +
 
 +
[[file:PicoVGA_P1080432-720px.jpg]]
  
−
== Prototype Hardware ==
+
* Uses cards
 +
** Raspberry Pi Pico Breakout Board
 +
** [[Raspberry Pi Pico]]
 +
** [[VGAX49]]
 +
** Audio Filter Card
 +
** [[JOYPAD]] Card
  
−
[[file:PicoVGA_P18425-720px.jpg]]
+
=== Raspberry Pi Pico Breakout Card===
  
−
* [[Raspberry Pi Pico]]
 
 
* [[Raspberry_Pi_Pico#In_Small_Plastic_Project_Box|Raspberry Pi Pico in Small Plastic Project Box]] - Breakout board
 
* [[Raspberry_Pi_Pico#In_Small_Plastic_Project_Box|Raspberry Pi Pico in Small Plastic Project Box]] - Breakout board
  
 
[[file:RasPiPico.PNG]]
 
[[file:RasPiPico.PNG]]
 +
 +
=== VGA Adapter Card ===
  
 
* [[VGAX49]]
 
* [[VGAX49]]
 
** Built as [[VGAX49_Assembly_Sheet#3:3:2_Parts_List_.283.3V.29|VGAX49 3:3:2 8-bit build]]
 
** Built as [[VGAX49_Assembly_Sheet#3:3:2_Parts_List_.283.3V.29|VGAX49 3:3:2 8-bit build]]
 +
 +
[[file:VGAX49_P901-cropped-720px.jpg]]
  
 
[[file:RasPiPico_VGA_J1.PNG]]
 
[[file:RasPiPico_VGA_J1.PNG]]
  
 
[[file:RasPiPico_VGA_Wiring.PNG]]
 
[[file:RasPiPico_VGA_Wiring.PNG]]
 +
 +
=== Audio Filter Card ===
  
 
* [[Raspberry_Pi_Pico_MM_BASIC_Build#GRID49_-_Audio_Filter|GRID49-Audio Filter]]
 
* [[Raspberry_Pi_Pico_MM_BASIC_Build#GRID49_-_Audio_Filter|GRID49-Audio Filter]]
 +
* Repurposed from [[PiPicoMite01]] Prototype build
  
 
[[file:RasPiPico_AUDIO_Wiring.PNG]]
 
[[file:RasPiPico_AUDIO_Wiring.PNG]]
  
−
=== Wiring ===
+
=== JoyPad ===
 +
 
 +
[[file:P1826-CROPPED-720PX.jpg]]
 +
 
 +
=== Prototype Build Wiring ===
  
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Pico Pin
 
! Pico Pin
 +
! GPIO
 
! Signal Name
 
! Signal Name
 
! Color
 
! Color
Line 101: Line 470:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1
 
| 1
 +
| GP0
 
| B3
 
| B3
 
| BLU
 
| BLU
Line 107: Line 477:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2
 
| 2
 +
| GP1
 
| B4
 
| B4
 
| BLU
 
| BLU
Line 113: Line 484:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 3
 
| 3
 +
| GND
 
| GND
 
| GND
 
| BRN
 
| BRN
Line 119: Line 491:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 4
 
| 4
 +
| GP2
 
| G3
 
| G3
 
| GRN
 
| GRN
Line 125: Line 498:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 5
 
| 5
 +
| GP3
 
| G4
 
| G4
 
| GRN
 
| GRN
Line 131: Line 505:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 6
 
| 6
 +
| GP4
 
| G5
 
| G5
 
| GRN
 
| GRN
Line 137: Line 512:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 7
 
| 7
 +
| GP5
 
| R2
 
| R2
 
| RED
 
| RED
Line 143: Line 519:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 9
 
| 9
 +
| GP6
 
| R3
 
| R3
 
| RED
 
| RED
Line 149: Line 526:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 10
 
| 10
 +
| GP7
 
| R4
 
| R4
 
| RED
 
| RED
Line 155: Line 533:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 11
 
| 11
−
| HSYNC
+
| GP8
 +
| CSYNC
 
| GRY
 
| GRY
 
| VGAX49
 
| VGAX49
 
| 17
 
| 17
 +
|-
 +
| 21
 +
| GP16
 +
|
 +
| BRN
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 10
 +
|-
 +
| 22
 +
| GP17
 +
|
 +
| ORG
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 9
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 23
 
| 23
 +
| GND
 
| GND
 
| GND
 
| GRN
 
| GRN
−
| AUD
+
| AUD-FILT
 
| 2
 
| 2
 +
|-
 +
| 24
 +
| GP18
 +
|
 +
| YEL
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 8
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 25
 
| 25
 +
| GP19
 
| AUDIO
 
| AUDIO
 
| GRY
 
| GRY
−
| AUD
+
| AUD-FILT
 +
| 1 or 3
 +
|-
 +
| 26
 +
| GP20
 +
|
 +
| GRN
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 7
 +
|-
 +
| 27
 +
| GP21
 +
|
 +
| BLU
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 6
 +
|-
 +
| 28
 +
| GND
 +
| GND
 +
| BLK
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 11
 +
|-
 +
| 29
 +
| GP22
 +
|
 +
| VIO
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 5
 +
|-
 +
| 31
 +
| GP26
 +
|
 +
| GRY
 +
| JOYPAD
 +
| 4
 +
|-
 +
| 32
 +
| GP27
 +
|
 +
| WHT
 +
| JOYPAD
 
| 3
 
| 3
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 +
== Software ==
 +
 +
The PicoVGA library is written in C/C++ and allows output from the Raspberry Pico to a VGA monitor or PAL/NTSC TV, with a focus on ease of use in technical and gaming applications. It provides 4 graphic overlay layers with transparency, nearly 30 frame buffer formats that can be freely combined with each other, making do with limited RAM memory size. The limitation of output to 8 bits also contributes to RAM saving.
 +
 +
=== Download UF2 ===
 +
 +
* Remove power (both USB B and USB Micro cable)
 +
* Hold down boot button while plugging in USB Micro cable
 +
* Release boot button
 +
* Pico drive will appear on computer
 +
* Drag/drop the .uf2 file to the drive
 +
* Card will reboot and run downloaded code
 +
 +
=== Build Template ===
 +
 +
* Requires C++ SDK
 +
* Can be used as a baseline for new code development
 +
* [https://github.com/land-boards/RasPiPico/tree/main/PicoVGA/Build_Template Code template in GitHub]
 +
* Arduino style setup() and loop() functions
 +
* Source code in [https://github.com/land-boards/RasPiPico/tree/main/PicoVGA/Build_Template/src src folder]
 +
** [https://github.com/land-boards/RasPiPico/blob/main/PicoVGA/Build_Template/src/main.cpp main.cpp file]
 +
* Type x to run batch files for build
 +
* Build results
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
  text    data    bss    dec    hex filename
 +
  12192      28    980  13200    3390 build/program.elf
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
=== PicoVGA examples ===
 +
 +
* [https://github.com/Panda381/PicoVGA PicoVGA GitHub repository]
 +
* [https://github.com/land-boards/RasPiPico/tree/main/PicoVGA Our PicoVGA GitHub repository]
 +
* ProgramNameJP = [[JOYPAD]] version of the programs
 +
** [[JOYPAD]] has 3 more buttons than the JoyStick
 +
* ProgramNameJS = Atari JoyStick version of the programs
 +
* Non JoyStick and non-[[JOYPAD]] version of the programs
 +
* Some JoyStick and non-[[JOYPAD]] programs use the USB Serial interface for additional functions
 +
 +
<pre>
 +
Ants - card game
 +
      keyboard control: 'J' left, 'L' right, space select, 'D' discard, 'H' help, 'Q' quit
 +
 +
AntsJP - card game
 +
        JoyPad control: left, right, centerFire=select, upperLeft=discard, Fire=help move, upperRight=quit
 +
 +
AntsJS - card game
 +
        JoyStick control: left, right, Up=select, down=discard, 'H'=help move, Fire=quit
 +
 +
Balloons - sprite demo, floating balloons
 +
 +
Draw - draw graphics demo
 +
 +
Earth - rotating Earth globe
 +
 +
Eggs - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
 +
      keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help, 'Q' quit, 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo, space stone, Enter ok
 +
 +
EggsJP - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
 +
        JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, fire=help, upperRight=quit, centerFire=stone, upperLeft=ok
 +
        keyboard control: 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo
 +
 +
EggsJS - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
 +
        JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=stone
 +
        keyboard control: 'H'=help, Enter=ok, 'Q'=quit, 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo
 +
 +
Fifteen - game
 +
          keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'Q' new game
 +
 +
FifteenJP - game
 +
            JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, upperRight=new game
 +
 +
FifteenJS - game
 +
            JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=new game
 +
 +
Flag - animation of flag fluttering in the wind
 +
 +
Ghost Racing - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
 +
              keyboard control: 'I' gear up, 'K' gear down, 'J' turn left, 'L' turn right
 +
 +
Ghost RacingJP - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
 +
                JoyPad control: up=shift gear up, down=shift gear down, left=turn left, right=turn right
 +
 +
Ghost RacingJS - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
 +
                JoyStick control: up=shift gear up, down=shift gear down, left=turn left, right=turn right
 +
 +
Ginger House - picture fairy tale book
 +
              keyboard control: 'J' previous page, 'L' next page
 +
 +
Ginger HouseJP - picture fairy tale book
 +
                JoyPad control: left=previous page, right=next page
 +
 +
Ginger HouseJS - picture fairy tale book
 +
                JoyStick control: left=previous page, right=next page
 +
 +
Hello - simple demonstration, print text "Hello world!" on the screen
 +
 +
Hypno - hypnotizing rotating pattern
 +
 +
Level Meter - demo of music volume level indication
 +
 +
Life - game, reproducing cells
 +
      keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'C' copy, 'V' paste, 'D' clear,
 +
      space flip state, Enter run life, 0..9 select slot
 +
 +
LifeJP - game, reproducing cells
 +
        JoyPad control: right=right, up=up, left=left, dowb=down, upperLeft=copy, Fire=paste, centerFire=flip state,
 +
        UpperRight=run life
 +
keyboard control: 'D' clear, 0..9 select slot
 +
 +
LifeJS - game, reproducing cells
 +
        JoyStick control: right=right, up=up, left=left, dowb=down, Fire=flip state,
 +
        keyboard control: 'D' clear, 0..9 select slot, 'C'=copy, 'V'=paste, Enter=run life
 +
 +
Lines - moving line patterns
 +
 +
Mandelbrot - fractal pattern generator
 +
            keyboard control: 'E' up, 'S' left, 'D' right, 'X' down, 'Q' zoom in, 'A' zoom out,
 +
            'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
 +
            'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
 +
            'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
 +
            'T' decrease system clock, space redraw
 +
 +
MandelbrotJP - fractal pattern generator
 +
              JoyPad control: Up, left, right, down, Fire zoom in, upper left zoom out,
 +
              keyboard control: 'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
 +
              'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
 +
              'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
 +
              'T' decrease system clock, space redraw
 +
 +
MandelbrotJS - fractal pattern generator
 +
              JoyStick control: Up, left, right, down, Fire zoom in
 +
              keyboard control: 'A' zoom out,
 +
              'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
 +
              'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
 +
              'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
 +
              'T' decrease system clock, space redraw
 +
 +
Matrix Rain - simulation of Matrix code rain
 +
 +
Maze - game, simple maze with maze generator
 +
      keyboard control: 'J' left, 'I' up, 'L' right, 'K' down, 'H' help (show door)
 +
 +
MazeJP - game, simple maze with maze generator
 +
        JoyPad control: left, up, right, down, upperRight=help (show door)
 +
 +
MazeJS - game, simple maze with maze generator
 +
        JoyStick control: left, up, right, down, Fire=help (show door)
 +
 +
Monoscope - test of various graphic modes
 +
            keyboard control: '0'..'9', 'A'..'U' select videomode
 +
 +
Oscilloscope - demo oscilloscope simulator
 +
 +
Pacman - game of popular Pac-man
 +
        keyboard control: 'J' left, 'I' up, 'L' right, 'K' down, 'A' pause
 +
 +
PacmanJP - game of popular Pac-man
 +
          JoyPad control: left, up, right, down, upper right pause
 +
 +
PacmanJS - game of popular Pac-man
 +
          JoyStick control: left, up, right, down, Fire=pause
 +
 +
Pi - calculate Pi at 4800 digits
 +
 +
Pixels - random pixels
 +
 +
Raytrace - ray tracing 3D demonstration of mirror spheres
 +
 +
Sokoban - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
 +
          keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help (solution),
 +
          'R' restart scene, 'Q' previous level, 'W' next level, 'P' info
 +
 +
SokobanJP - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
 +
            JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, upperLeft=previous level, fire=next level, uppperRight=restart scene,
 +
            keyboard 'H' help (solution), 'P' info
 +
 +
SokobanJS - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
 +
            JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=restart scene,
 +
            'Q' previous level, 'W' next level, 'P' info
 +
            keyboard 'H' help (solution), 'P' info
 +
 +
Spheres - draw random spheres
 +
 +
Spots - draw random dot spots
 +
 +
Tetris - game
 +
        keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' turn, 'J' left, 'K' drop, 'A' pause
 +
 +
TetrisJP - game
 +
          JoyPad control: right, center fire turn, left, down = drop, upper right = pause
 +
 +
TetrisJS - game
 +
          JoyStick control: right, up turn, left, down = drop, Fire = pause
 +
 +
Train - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
 +
        keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help (solution), Enter OK, Esc escape, BS backspace
 +
 +
TrainJP - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
 +
          JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, centerFire=OK, upperLeft=escape, fire=backspace, upperRight=help (solution),
 +
 +
TrainJS - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
 +
          JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=OK,
 +
          Esc=escape, BS=backspace, 'H'=help (solution),
 +
 +
Twister - deformable block covered with 4 textures
 +
 +
Water surface - simulation of a rippling water surface
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
<video type="youtube">wX1IPa3Q0LU</video>
 +
 +
== Assembly Sheet ==
 +
 +
* [[PicoVGA01 Rev 1 Assembly Sheet]]

Latest revision as of 15:54, 29 May 2023

Tindie-mediums.png

PicoVGA01 P1080468-720px.jpg

PicoVGA

PicoVGA uses a Raspberry Pi Pico to drive a VGA/TV display. PicoVGA was designed by Miroslav Nemecek.

The RP2040 processor contains 264 KB of RAM. This is not much for higher resolution image output and therefore RAM needs to be very sparing. In technical practice and for retro games (the processor does not have the power for more advanced games), 8-bit graphics output in R3G3B2 format (i.e. red 3 bits, green 3 bits and blue 2 bits) is fully sufficient. Output in 16 or 24 bits is not meaningful in normal practice, as the Raspberry Pico does not have enough memory or power to provide such large amounts of data in areas other than short demos. Using the dithering technique, interesting display results can be achieved even with 8-bit output.

PicoVGA diagram.jpg

Features

  • Raspberry Pi Pico
    • Automatic overclocking of processor
    • Library uses the 2nd core, main program uses 1st core
  • VGA
    • 8-bit output in R:G:B 3:3:2 format (256 colors)
    • VGA progressive output up to 1280x960 resolution
    • Automatic configuration video mode timings
    • Composite sync
    • Video formats
      • 1 base layer and 3 overlay layers with transparency
      • 30 frame buffer formats: graphics, tiles, text, special
      • Colour palettes
      • Screen split into segments of different formats
      • RLE compression
      • Transparency with selectable key colour
      • Hardware sprites
      • Output layers to different color bits (color planes)
  • PWM mono audio output
    • 3.5mm stereo jack
  • Joystick connector(s)
    • JOYPAD or
    • 9-pin "Atari" Joystick
  • 99.5x69.5mm card
  • (4) 4-40 mounting holes
  • Hackaday page

Connectors

J1/J3 Pico Breakout Headers

  • 2 of 1x20 headers

PicoVGA1 J1 J3.PNG

Pico Pin Use

  • 8 spare pins
  • JOYPAD has more buttons than Atari Joystick (8 vs 5)
Pico Pin Pico Signal PicoMite Pico Pin Pico Signal PicoMite DB-9 JOYSTICK
1 GP0 BLU_LO 40 VBUS USB_PWR
2 GP1 BLU_HI 39 VSYS 5V
3 GND GND 38 GND GND
4 GP2 GRN_LO 37 VEN3 VEN3
5 GP3 GRN_MID 36 V3OUT +3.3V J6-7 NOT USED
6 GP4 GRN_HI 35 ADCREF ADCREF
7 GP5 RED_LO 34 GP28 SPARE
8 GND GND 33 GND GND
9 GP6 RED_MID 32 GP27 JOYPAD_UP
10 GP7 RED_HI 31 GP26 JOYPAD_UPPER_RIGHT J6-5 PADDLEB
11 GP8 CSYNC 30 RUN RUN
12 GP9 SPARE 29 GP22 JOYPAD_DOWN J6-9 PADDLEA
13 GND GND 28 GND GND
14 GP10 SPARE 27 GP21 JOYPAD_CENTER_FIRE J6-4 RIGHT
15 GP11 SPARE 26 GP20 JOYPAD_LEFT J6-3 LEFT
16 GP12 SPARE 25 AUDIO AUDIO_MONO
17 GP13 SPARE 24 GP18 JOYPAD_FIRE J6-2 DOWN
18 GND GND 23 GND GND J6-8 GND
19 GP14 SPARE 22 GP17 JOYPAD_RIGHT J6-6 FIRE
20 GP15 SPARE 21 GP16 JOYPAD_UPPER_LEFT J6-1 UP

J2 - Mono Audio

  • 3.5mm stereo jack
  • Use with external amplified speakers
  • Mono signal on both speakers

PicoVGA1 Audio J2.PNG

J4 - 5V USB B

  • Power the card in an enclosure
  • 5V power
  • Full-size USB B
  • No USB signals

PicoVGA1 DC J4.PNG

J5 - JOYPAD

P1826-CROPPED-720PX.jpg

  • Land Boards JOYPAD card
  • Optional 1x12 Header matches pinout of JOYPAD card
    • 8 switches
      • Up, Down, Left, Right, Fire, Center Fire, Upper Left, Upper Right
  • JOYPAD card can be built without pull-up resistors
  • 1:1 cable between PicoVGA01 and JOYPAD cards
    • Can use 10 pin Dupont housings (don't need VCC connections)

RasPiPico VGA J5 JOYPAD.PNG 

// Init the JoyPad pins
// #define PB_UL 16		// Upper Left pushbutton
// #define PB_RT 17		// Right direction
// #define PB_FR 18		// Fire
// #define PB_LT 20		// Left direction
// #define PB_CF 21		// Center Fire
// #define PB_DN 22		// Down direction
// #define PB_UR 26		// Upper right
// #define PB_UP 27		// Up direction

J6 - Joystick (DB-9)

RasPiPico VGA J6 JOYSTICK.PNG 


// Atari Joystick DB-9 pushbutton to Pico pin mapping
#define PB_UP 16		// Up direction
#define PB_DN 18		// Down direction
#define PB_LT 20		// Left direction
#define PB_RT 21		// Right direction
#define PB_FR 17		// Fire

Rev 1 JOYPAD configured as Atari Joystick with DB-9

PicoVGA JOYPAD P18499-720px.jpg

Rev 2 JOYPAD configured as Atari Joystick with DB-9

PicoVGA01 JOYPAD-Rev2 P18581-720px.jpg

Atari Joystick

  • Tested/works
  • Atari Joystick pinout

Atari joystick pinout.png

Amazon Atari Joystick.PNG

MSX Joystick

  • Incompatible?

MSX Joystick Schematic Circuit 382px.png


  1. UP
  2. DOWN
  3. LEFT
  4. RIGHT
  5. +VCC
  6. BUTTON I
  7. BUTTON II
  8. BUTTON COMMON
  9. GND

J7 - 3.3V

  • 1x2 header
  • Additional power pins for external use

PicoVGA1 3V J7.PNG

P1 - VGA

  • Standard HD15 connector
  • 8-bit output in R:G:B 3:3:2 format (256 colors)

Schematic

Connector Views

  • Joystick/power

PicoVGA01 P1080474-720px.jpg

  • VGA/audio

PicoVGA01 P1080475-720px.jpg

Factory Acceptance Test

Test Setup

  • Unit Under Test (UUT)
  • JOYPAD with 9 pin M-F cable
  • VGA Monitor
  • Stereo speakers

PicoVGA JOYPAD P18499-720px.jpg

Test Procedure

  • Apply 5V power to UUT via USB B connector on UUT
  • Demo will play
    • Verify colors, R, B, Cyan, Yellow, White
    • Play game from JOYPAD moving LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN buttons
    • Verify pause via FIRE button
  • Mark TEST block on UUT PCB rear when completed

Enclosure

  • 99.5mmx69.5mm outline
    • Board is designed to fit into Aluminum Project Box Enclosure DIY 100*76*35mm - ebay search
    • VGA, 3.5mm Audio on one end
    • USB B (Power), JoyStick DB-9 on the opposite end

PicoVGA01 Mechanicals

PicoVGA01 Mechs.PNG

Prototype Build Hardware

PicoVGA P1080432-720px.jpg

Raspberry Pi Pico Breakout Card

RasPiPico.PNG

VGA Adapter Card

VGAX49 P901-cropped-720px.jpg

RasPiPico VGA J1.PNG

RasPiPico VGA Wiring.PNG

Audio Filter Card

RasPiPico AUDIO Wiring.PNG

JoyPad

P1826-CROPPED-720PX.jpg

Prototype Build Wiring

Pico Pin GPIO Signal Name Color Dest Pin
1 GP0 B3 BLU VGAX49 13
2 GP1 B4 BLU VGAX49 12
3 GND GND BRN VGAX49 20
4 GP2 G3 GRN VGAX49 8
5 GP3 G4 GRN VGAX49 7
6 GP4 G5 GRN VGAX49 6
7 GP5 R2 RED VGAX49 3
9 GP6 R3 RED VGAX49 2
10 GP7 R4 RED VGAX49 1
11 GP8 CSYNC GRY VGAX49 17
21 GP16 BRN JOYPAD 10
22 GP17 ORG JOYPAD 9
23 GND GND GRN AUD-FILT 2
24 GP18 YEL JOYPAD 8
25 GP19 AUDIO GRY AUD-FILT 1 or 3
26 GP20 GRN JOYPAD 7
27 GP21 BLU JOYPAD 6
28 GND GND BLK JOYPAD 11
29 GP22 VIO JOYPAD 5
31 GP26 GRY JOYPAD 4
32 GP27 WHT JOYPAD 3

Software

The PicoVGA library is written in C/C++ and allows output from the Raspberry Pico to a VGA monitor or PAL/NTSC TV, with a focus on ease of use in technical and gaming applications. It provides 4 graphic overlay layers with transparency, nearly 30 frame buffer formats that can be freely combined with each other, making do with limited RAM memory size. The limitation of output to 8 bits also contributes to RAM saving.

Download UF2

  • Remove power (both USB B and USB Micro cable)
  • Hold down boot button while plugging in USB Micro cable
  • Release boot button
  • Pico drive will appear on computer
  • Drag/drop the .uf2 file to the drive
  • Card will reboot and run downloaded code

Build Template

   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  12192      28     980   13200    3390 build/program.elf

PicoVGA examples

Ants - card game
       keyboard control: 'J' left, 'L' right, space select, 'D' discard, 'H' help, 'Q' quit

AntsJP - card game
         JoyPad control: left, right, centerFire=select, upperLeft=discard, Fire=help move, upperRight=quit
	
AntsJS - card game
         JoyStick control: left, right, Up=select, down=discard, 'H'=help move, Fire=quit

Balloons - sprite demo, floating balloons

Draw - draw graphics demo

Earth - rotating Earth globe

Eggs - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
       keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help, 'Q' quit, 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo, space stone, Enter ok

EggsJP - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
         JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, fire=help, upperRight=quit, centerFire=stone, upperLeft=ok
         keyboard control: 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo

EggsJS - game of Eggs+Chickens+Hens, variant of the Reversi game
         JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=stone
         keyboard control: 'H'=help, Enter=ok, 'Q'=quit, 'P' 2 players, 'D' demo

Fifteen - game
          keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'Q' new game

FifteenJP - game
            JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, upperRight=new game

FifteenJS - game
            JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=new game

Flag - animation of flag fluttering in the wind

Ghost Racing - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
               keyboard control: 'I' gear up, 'K' gear down, 'J' turn left, 'L' turn right

Ghost RacingJP - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
                 JoyPad control: up=shift gear up, down=shift gear down, left=turn left, right=turn right

Ghost RacingJS - car racing game, racing with player's ghost copy, demonstration of 3D perspective projection
                 JoyStick control: up=shift gear up, down=shift gear down, left=turn left, right=turn right

Ginger House - picture fairy tale book
               keyboard control: 'J' previous page, 'L' next page

Ginger HouseJP - picture fairy tale book
                 JoyPad control: left=previous page, right=next page

Ginger HouseJS - picture fairy tale book
                 JoyStick control: left=previous page, right=next page

Hello - simple demonstration, print text "Hello world!" on the screen

Hypno - hypnotizing rotating pattern

Level Meter - demo of music volume level indication

Life - game, reproducing cells
       keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'C' copy, 'V' paste, 'D' clear,
       space flip state, Enter run life, 0..9 select slot

LifeJP - game, reproducing cells
         JoyPad control: right=right, up=up, left=left, dowb=down, upperLeft=copy, Fire=paste, centerFire=flip state, 
         UpperRight=run life
	 keyboard control: 'D' clear, 0..9 select slot

LifeJS - game, reproducing cells
         JoyStick control: right=right, up=up, left=left, dowb=down, Fire=flip state, 
         keyboard control: 'D' clear, 0..9 select slot, 'C'=copy, 'V'=paste, Enter=run life

Lines - moving line patterns

Mandelbrot - fractal pattern generator
             keyboard control: 'E' up, 'S' left, 'D' right, 'X' down, 'Q' zoom in, 'A' zoom out,
             'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
             'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
             'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
             'T' decrease system clock, space redraw

MandelbrotJP - fractal pattern generator
               JoyPad control: Up, left, right, down, Fire zoom in, upper left zoom out,
               keyboard control: 'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
              'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
              'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
              'T' decrease system clock, space redraw

MandelbrotJS - fractal pattern generator
               JoyStick control: Up, left, right, down, Fire zoom in 
               keyboard control: 'A' zoom out,
               'L' low resolution 132x100, 'M' medium resolution 264x200, 'H' high resolution 528x400,
               'I' integer arithmetics, 'F' float arithmetics, 'B' double arithmetics,
               'O' decrease number of steps, 'P' increase number of steps, 'U' increase system clock,
               'T' decrease system clock, space redraw

Matrix Rain - simulation of Matrix code rain

Maze - game, simple maze with maze generator
       keyboard control: 'J' left, 'I' up, 'L' right, 'K' down, 'H' help (show door)

MazeJP - game, simple maze with maze generator
         JoyPad control: left, up, right, down, upperRight=help (show door)

MazeJS - game, simple maze with maze generator
         JoyStick control: left, up, right, down, Fire=help (show door)

Monoscope - test of various graphic modes
            keyboard control: '0'..'9', 'A'..'U' select videomode

Oscilloscope - demo oscilloscope simulator

Pacman - game of popular Pac-man
         keyboard control: 'J' left, 'I' up, 'L' right, 'K' down, 'A' pause

PacmanJP - game of popular Pac-man
           JoyPad control: left, up, right, down, upper right pause

PacmanJS - game of popular Pac-man
           JoyStick control: left, up, right, down, Fire=pause

Pi - calculate Pi at 4800 digits

Pixels - random pixels

Raytrace - ray tracing 3D demonstration of mirror spheres

Sokoban - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
          keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help (solution),
          'R' restart scene, 'Q' previous level, 'W' next level, 'P' info

SokobanJP - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
            JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, upperLeft=previous level, fire=next level, uppperRight=restart scene, 
            keyboard 'H' help (solution), 'P' info

SokobanJS - game with 3000 puzzles and with their solutions
            JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=restart scene, 
            'Q' previous level, 'W' next level, 'P' info
            keyboard 'H' help (solution), 'P' info

Spheres - draw random spheres

Spots - draw random dot spots

Tetris - game
         keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' turn, 'J' left, 'K' drop, 'A' pause

TetrisJP - game
           JoyPad control: right, center fire turn, left, down = drop, upper right = pause

TetrisJS - game
           JoyStick control: right, up turn, left, down = drop, Fire = pause

Train - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
        keyboard control: 'L' right, 'I' up, 'J' left, 'K' down, 'H' help (solution), Enter OK, Esc escape, BS backspace

TrainJP - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
          JoyPad control: right, up, left, down, centerFire=OK, upperLeft=escape, fire=backspace, upperRight=help (solution), 

TrainJS - puzzle game with 50 levels and with their solutions
          JoyStick control: right, up, left, down, Fire=OK, 
          Esc=escape, BS=backspace, 'H'=help (solution), 

Twister - deformable block covered with 4 textures

Water surface - simulation of a rippling water surface

Assembly Sheet

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